Work permits and visas in North Macedonia

North Macedonia has established a clear framework for foreign nationals seeking to live and work within its borders. This system involves obtaining the appropriate visa for entry and stay, followed by securing a work permit that authorizes employment. The process is designed to regulate the labor market and ensure that foreign workers contribute positively to the economy while adhering to national laws and regulations. Understanding these requirements is crucial for both individuals planning to work in the country and companies looking to hire international talent.

Navigating the visa and work permit procedures requires careful attention to detail and adherence to specific application steps. The requirements can vary depending on the applicant's nationality, the nature of the intended work, and the duration of stay. Employers play a significant role in the work permit application process, often needing to demonstrate the necessity of hiring a foreign national and fulfilling sponsorship obligations.

Common Visa Types for Foreign Workers

Foreign nationals intending to work in North Macedonia typically require a long-stay visa (Type D) which allows for stays exceeding 90 days and is often a prerequisite for applying for a temporary residence permit and subsequent work permit. The specific category of the Type D visa will depend on the purpose of stay, such as employment, business, or family reunification.

While the Type D visa facilitates entry and long-term stay, the right to work is granted through a separate work permit. The Type D visa for employment purposes is the most relevant for foreign workers and is usually obtained before traveling to North Macedonia, although in some cases, application for residence and work permits might be possible from within the country depending on specific circumstances and nationality.

Work Permit Application Requirements and Procedures

Obtaining a work permit in North Macedonia is a multi-step process that primarily involves the employer. The employer must initiate the application by demonstrating that the position cannot be filled by a local worker or that hiring a foreign national is in the economic interest of the country.

Eligibility Criteria for Work Permits:

• The foreign national must hold a valid passport.
• The foreign national must meet specific professional qualifications required for the job.
• The employer must be a legally registered entity in North Macedonia.
• The employer must demonstrate compliance with labor laws and tax obligations.
• Often, a labor market test is required, proving that no suitable local candidates are available.

Required Documentation:

• Completed application form.
• Copy of the foreign national's passport.
• Proof of the foreign national's qualifications (diplomas, certificates, etc.).
• Employment contract or job offer.
• Proof of the employer's registration and financial standing.
• Documentation related to the labor market test (if applicable).
• Proof of accommodation in North Macedonia.
• Medical certificate.
• Police clearance certificate from the home country.

Application Procedure:

1. The employer typically applies for the work permit on behalf of the foreign national with the Employment Agency of the Republic of North Macedonia.
2. The Employment Agency reviews the application, including conducting a labor market test if necessary.
3. Upon approval of the work permit, the foreign national can then apply for a temporary residence permit for employment purposes at the Ministry of Interior.
4. Once the temporary residence permit is granted, the foreign national is legally authorized to reside and work in North Macedonia for the duration of the permit, usually one year, renewable.

Processing Times and Fees:

Processing times for work permits and temporary residence permits can vary. Work permit applications through the Employment Agency may take several weeks. The subsequent temporary residence permit application with the Ministry of Interior also has its own processing period. It is advisable to allow ample time for the entire process, potentially several months, before the intended start date of employment.

Fees are associated with both the work permit application and the temporary residence permit application. These fees are subject to change and should be confirmed with the relevant authorities or the Employer of Record service assisting with the process.

Pathways to Permanent Residency

Foreign nationals who have legally resided and worked in North Macedonia for a continuous period, typically five years, may become eligible to apply for permanent residency. The continuity of residence is a key factor, although certain absences may be permitted within limits.

Eligibility Criteria for Permanent Residency:

• Legal residence in North Macedonia for a specified continuous period (usually 5 years).
• Holding valid temporary residence permits throughout the required period.
• Proof of stable and sufficient financial means to support oneself and dependents.
• Proof of accommodation.
• Knowledge of the Macedonian language and culture may be considered.
• Clean criminal record.

The application for permanent residency is submitted to the Ministry of Interior. The process involves submitting detailed documentation proving continuous residence, financial stability, and other required criteria.

Dependent Visa Options

Foreign nationals holding a valid temporary residence permit for employment in North Macedonia are generally permitted to bring their immediate family members to reside with them. Immediate family members typically include a spouse and minor children.

Eligibility Criteria for Dependent Visas/Permits:

• The principal foreign worker must hold a valid temporary residence permit for employment.
• Proof of the family relationship (marriage certificate, birth certificates).
• Proof that the principal foreign worker has sufficient financial means and adequate accommodation to support their dependents.
• Dependents must meet general entry requirements (valid passport, no criminal record, etc.).

Dependents usually apply for a temporary residence permit based on family reunification. This application is submitted to the Ministry of Interior. The duration of the dependent's residence permit is typically tied to the validity of the principal foreign worker's permit.

Visa Compliance Obligations for Employers and Employees

Compliance with North Macedonia's immigration and labor laws is mandatory for both employers and foreign employees. Failure to comply can result in significant penalties, including fines, deportation of the employee, and restrictions on the employer's ability to hire foreign nationals in the future.

Employer Obligations:

• Ensure the foreign national has the necessary work permit and residence permit before commencing employment.
• Comply with all terms and conditions stated in the work permit and employment contract.
• Register the employee with the relevant social security and tax authorities.
• Maintain accurate records of the foreign employee's status and employment details.
• Notify the authorities of any changes in the employee's employment status or personal details.
• Ensure working conditions and terms of employment meet national standards.

Employee Obligations:

• Maintain a valid passport, visa (if applicable), work permit, and residence permit throughout their stay and employment.
• Comply with the terms and conditions of their work permit and residence permit.
• Adhere to North Macedonia's laws and regulations.
• Notify the authorities of any changes in personal circumstances (e.g., address).
• Pay taxes and social contributions as required by law.

Both parties must be proactive in managing the validity and renewal of permits to ensure continuous legal status in the country. Working with an experienced Employer of Record can help ensure full compliance with all local regulations.