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Somalia, formally known as the Federal Republic of Somalia (Somali: Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya; Arabic: جمهورية الصومال الفيدرالية), is a nation in the Horn of Africa. Ethiopia to the west, Djibouti to the northwest, the Gulf of Aden to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Kenya to the southwest border of the nation. Somalia boasts the continent's longest coastline. Its landscape is mostly made up of plateaus, plains, and hills. Hot weather prevails all year, with monsoon winds and infrequent rainfall. Somalia has an estimated population of over 15 million people, with over 2 million living in Mogadishu, the nation's capital and biggest city. It has been called as Africa's most culturally homogenous country. Approximately 85 percent of its people are ethnic Somalis, who have traditionally lived in the country's north. The majority of ethnic minorities live in the south. Somali and Arabic are Somalia's official languages. The majority of people in the nation are Muslims, the vast majority of whom are Sunni.
Somalia was a significant trading hub in antiquity. It is one of the most likely sites of the legendary ancient Land of Punt. Several major Somali dynasties controlled regional commerce throughout the Middle Ages, notably the Ajuran Sultanate, the Adal Sultanate, and the Sultanate of the Geledi.
Somali Sultanates such as the Isaaq Sultanate and the Majeerteen Sultanate were colonized by Italy, Britain, and Ethiopia in the late nineteenth century. The tribal areas were combined by European colonists into two colonies: Italian Somaliland and the British Somaliland Protectorate. Meanwhile, in the interior, the Dervishes, led by Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, fought for two decades against Abyssinia, Italian Somaliland, and British Somaliland until being defeated in the 1920 Somaliland Campaign. After successfully fighting the Campaign of the Sultanates against the governing Majeerteen Sultanate and Sultanate of Hobyo, Italy gained complete control of the northeastern, center, and southern sections of the province. The two regions merged in 1960 to become the autonomous Somali Republic, which was governed by a civilian administration.
The Supreme Revolutionary Council took control in 1969 and founded the Somali Democratic Republic, violently suppressing the Somaliland War of Independence in the country's north. The SRC crumbled 22 years later, in 1991, with the start of the Somali Civil War, and Somaliland gained independence shortly after. Somaliland still dominates the northwest corner of Somalia, accounting for little more than a quarter of the country's total geographical area. Most places have resorted to customary and religious law since this time. A number of temporary federal governments were established in the early 2000s. The Transitional National Government (TNG) was formed in 2000, and the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) was formed in 2004, reestablishing the Somali Armed Forces.
The TFG took control of most of the country's southern war zones from the newly created Islamic Courts Union in 2006, thanks to a US-backed Ethiopian invasion (ICU). The ICU then fragmented into more extreme organizations, like Al-Shabaab, who fought for control of the area against the TFG and its AMISOM allies.
By mid-2012, the rebels had lost most of their seized territory, and a quest for more permanent democratic institutions started. Despite this, rebels continue to control most of central and southern Somalia and have influence in government-controlled regions, with Jilib serving as the insurgents' de-facto capital. In August 2012, a new interim constitution was enacted, rebuilding Somalia as a federation. The Federal Government of Somalia was created the same month, and rebuilding in Mogadishu started. Somalia has maintained an informal economy based mostly on livestock, remittances from Somalis working abroad, and telecommunications. It belongs to the UN, the Arab League, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
Somalia recognizes seven public holidays.
The employer must notify the employee's trade union. Additionally, they must notify the labor officer in charge of the area in which the employee works of the reasons for and extent of the proposed redundancy at least one month prior to the scheduled date of termination due to redundancy. If the employee is not a member of a union, the employer must personally notify him or her in writing. There must be a collective bargaining agreement between the employer and a trade union outlining the terminal benefits provided upon redundancy and ensuring that the contract does not prejudice the employee for being or not being a union member.
Either party may terminate an employment contract by giving the other a written notice of at least 30 days.
A probationary period shall not exceed six months, but may be extended for an additional six months with the employee's consent.
The severance pay should not be less than fifteen days’ pay for each completed year of service.
Somalia does not have a minimum wage policy.
Mandatory benefits postulated by law include a probationary period, pay on annual leaves, public holidays, sick leaves, maternity leave, paternity leave, and overtime pay. Statutory benefits also include social security benefits.
There is currently no information regarding taxation in Somalia.
There is currently no information regarding taxation in Somalia.
There is currently no information regarding taxation in Somalia.
Travelers to Somalia must apply for, submit, and receive a Somalia visa in accordance with the Somalia visa policy. The Somalia visa policy stipulates that you must have a Somalia visa in order to enter, reside in, or exit the country.
If a traveler wishes to apply for a Somalia visa, certain details must be provided in order for the visa to be submitted, processed, and approved. These details include the country from which the passport was applied for and issued, the length of time that the traveler intends to stay in Somalia, and the reason for the traveler's visit.
The Somalia government implemented the Somalia visa, which is available to nationals of countries all over the world who are not visa-exempt, and the traveler in possession of a Somalia visa can stay in Somalia for up to 90 days per entry. The implementation of this visa has enabled people to explore Somalia for both tourism and commercial interests.
The Somalia visa is part of the Schengen Agreement, which permits tourists to visit all of the nations in the Schengen region with only single visa. Holders of the Schengen visa are permitted to travel to 27 countries, including Somalia.
Somalia has negotiated agreements with over 150 nations that exclude these countries from visa requirements. Any traveler possessing a passport from one of the exempt nations is allowed to travel without the need to apply for a visa and have it granted before departure. Somalia joined the Schengen Agreement for visa-free travel with 25 other European nations, which share the Schengen Area visa policy, which is similar to the Somalia Visa policy.
As part of the Somalia Visa policy, there is now just one visa available for tourist reasons. Travelers who wish to visit Somalia but do not have a passport that qualifies for visa exemption under the Somalia Visa policy must first acquire authorization from the Somalia government before arriving at any port of entry and attempting to cross the border into the nation.
There is currently no information regarding employment contracts in Somalia.
There is no set length for assignments. This is usually indicated in the employment contract for fixed-term employments.
Somali Shilling